How Cxbladder Works

Research from Pacific Edge¹ shows that messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of specific biomarkers are present at higher levels of concentration in patient urine samples that are positive for bladder cancer than in patients who are negative for the disease.

Cxbladder Biomarker Gene Descriptions

MDK: Blood vessel growth and cell migration
Principally involved in cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in cancer cells.

HOXA13: Cell differentiation
Principally involved in cell differentiation and the morphogenesis and differentiation of the genitourinary tracts.

CDC2 (CDK1): Cell division
Cyclin dependent kinase. Essential to mitotic cell cycle: cell proliferation.

IGFBP5: Programmed cell death
Acts as an anti-apoptotic gene.

CXCR2: Inflammation
Mediates neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation. Moderates non-malignant inflammation(False Positives).

A small sample (5 ml) of mid-stream urine is required for the test. The sample undergoes a precise set of processes to extract and purify the mRNA present in the patient urine sample.

The purified RNA is then quantified by a technique called Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction or RT-qPCR. RT-qPCR first involves the conversion of RNA to DNA and then the amplification of that DNA by millions of fold, regulated by a repetitive cycle of temperature adjustment. The resulting millions of copies of DNA are detected by a probe whose fluorescence is directly proportional to the number of copies of DNA present.

In the Cxbladder test, each of the five biomarkers of interest to us is quantified by a different probe and the relationship between the individual biomarkers is determined by a mathematical equation. The calculated outcome provides a measure of the probability of the presence of urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Last Updated: 20 Jul 2022 01:08 pm